![]() ![]() While we are not studying gaze cueing in the present study, research in that domain highlights this difference very clearly. However, there is increasing evidence that findings from laboratory paradigms do not always translate to natural, real world situations. Research on attention has typically been conducted using simple, laboratory paradigms and these studies have been pivotal to our understanding of how we select information both with and without overt shifts of gaze. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: The present investigation was funded by grants awarded to AK by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (Grant #170077-11 ) and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (Grant #435-2013-2200 ). Received: Accepted: AugPublished: August 26, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Ho et al. PLoS ONE 10(8):Įditor: Kun Guo, University of Lincoln, UNITED KINGDOM The present study offers insight into the temporal dynamics of live dyadic interactions and also provides a new method of analysis for eye gaze data when temporal relationships are of interest.Ĭitation: Ho S, Foulsham T, Kingstone A (2015) Speaking and Listening with the Eyes: Gaze Signaling during Dyadic Interactions. Convergent with theoretical models of social interaction, our data suggest that eye gaze can be used to signal both the end and the beginning of a speaking turn during a social interaction. Our general results are in line with past aggregated data, and using cross-correlational analysis on the specific gaze and speech signals of both participants we found that 1) speakers end their turn with direct gaze at the listener and 2) the listener in turn begins to speak with averted gaze. Dyads played two social guessing games ( 20 Questions and Heads Up) while their eyes were tracked. The present study combines a temporally sensitive analysis technique with modern eye tracking technology to 1) validate the overall results from earlier aggregated analyses and 2) provide insight into the specific moment-to-moment temporal characteristics of turn-taking behaviour in a natural setting. More recently, attempts have been made to understand the temporal characteristics of social gaze but little research has been conducted in a natural setting with two interacting participants. However, early research on this topic employed methods of analysis that aggregated gaze information across an entire trial (or trials), which masks any temporal dynamics that may exist in social interactions. Previous research suggests that gaze acts as a signaling mechanism and can be used to control turn-taking behaviour. ![]() Cognitive scientists have long been interested in the role that eye gaze plays in social interactions.
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